TAP DANCE

TAP DANCE: Tap dance is a form of dance characterized by a tapping sound that is created from metal plates that are attached to both the ball and heel of the dancer's shoe. These metal plates, when tapped against a hard surface, create a percussive sound and as such the dancers are considerd to be, somewhat, musicians.

HISTORY: The influences of tap dancing may include: [1]
Irish
Irish freeform solo Sean-nós dance
Irish competitive Stepdance
Clogging, where there may be no accompanying music, just the noise of the shoes
Step dancing in general.
Stomp dancing, where the sound of other objects are used to enhance the stomping sound of the foot
Masters would often challenge each other to be the best dancer and win students
African
African dances were often used as a form of communication and reflected most aspects of daily life
Drum rhythms are often highly complex and syncopated
African gumboot dance were developed in the 1970s in South Africa by mine workers and may have derived from Tap.
Steps included gliding, shuffling, and large amounts of improvisation
There seems to be no historical evidence of percussive (heel toe) dance footwear in this culture predating tap.
West Indies
Complex rhythms dictated by drums
Juba Dance a very quick and competitive dance involving intricate foot work, hand clapping and patting the bum
There seems to be no historical evidence of percussive (heel toe) dance footwear in this culturepredating tap.
During the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, the best tap dancers moved from Vaudeville to cinema and television. Steve Condos, with his innovative style of percussion tap, created a whole new tap style that he introduced to audiences in Vaudeville, and later to the audiences of film and Broadway. Prominent tap dancers of this period included Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Shirley Temple, John W. Bubbles, Charles "Honi" Coles, Vera-Ellen, Ruby Keeler, Gene Kelly, Ann Miller (credited as the fastest recorded tap dancer, a record she still holds), Jeni LeGon,[2], Fayard and Harold Nicholas of the Nicholas Brothers, The Clark Brothers, Donald O'Connor, Eleanor Powell, Rita Hayworth, Betty Grable, PrinceSpencer,[3] Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, and Jimmy Slyde.
During the 1930s tap dance mixed with Lindy Hop. "Flying swing outs" and "flying circles" are Lindy Hop moves with tap footwork. In the 1950s, the style of entertainment changed. Jazz music and tap dance declined, while rock and roll and pop music and the new jazz dance emerged. What is now called jazz dance evolved out of tap dance, so both dances have many moves in common. But jazz evolved separately from tap dance to become a new form in its own right. Well-known dancers during the 1960s and 1970s included Arthur Duncan and Tommy Tune.
No Maps on My Taps, the Emmy award winning PBS documentary of 1979, helped begin the recent revival of tap dance. The outstanding success of the animated film, Happy Feet, has further reinforced the popular appeal[4] National Tap Dance Day in the United States, now celebrated May 25th, was signed into law by President George Bush on November 7, 1989. (May 25th was chosen because it is the birthday of famous tapper Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.) Prominent modern tap dancers have included Brenda Bufalino, Jay Fagan,[5] Ted Bebblejad, Savion Glover, Peter Briansen, Gregory and Maurice Hines of Hines, Hines, and Dad, Ayodele Casel, LaVaughn Robinson, Jason Samuels Smith, Chloe Arnold, Jared Grimes, Joseph Wiggan, Sarah Savelli, Jason Janas, Acia Gray, Dormeshia Sumbry Edwards, Omar Edwards, Michelle Dorrance, Max Pollak, Derick Grant, Jumaane Taylor, Sam Weber and Grant Swift[1].[6] Indie-pop band Tilly and the Wall also features a tap dancer, Jamie Pressnall, tapping as percussion. Orchestral-pop band Born Again Floozies combines tap dance, hoofing, and stomp dance with orchestral percussion and low brass as its rhythm section
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAP DANCE: Tap dancers make frequent use of syncopation. Choreography typically starts on the eighth or first beatcount. Another aspect of tap dancing is improvisation. This can either be done with music and follow the beats provided or without musical accompaniment, otherwise known as a cappella dancing.
Hoofers are tap dancers who dance primarily with their legs, making a louder, more grounded sound. This kind of tap dancing, also called "rhythm tap", came primarily from cities or poor areas. Today this is not the case, especially with such a wide variety of styles spreading throughout the world. Steve Condos rose out of his humble beginnings in Pittsburgh, PA to become a master in rhythmic tap. His innovative style influenced the work of Gregory Hines, Savion Glover and Marshall Davis, Jr. The majority of hoofers, such as Sammy Davis Jr., Savion Glover, Gregory Hines, and LaVaughn Robinson are African American men, although today the art form transcends racial and gender stereotypes. Savion Glover is the best-known living hoofer, who helped bring tap dance into mainstream media by choreographing and dancing for the major motion picture Happy Feet, a film about a tap dancing penguin. Another well-known tap film is 1989's Tap, starring the late Gregory Hines and many of the old-time hoofers.
Early dancers like Fred Astaire provided a more ballroom look to tap dancing, while Gene Kelly used his extensive ballet training to make tap dancing incorporate all the parts of the ballet. This style of tap led to what is today known as "Broadway style," which is more mainstream in American culture. It often involves high heeled tap shoes and show music, and is usually the type of tap first taught to beginners. The best examples of this style are found in Broadway musicals such as 42nd Street.
Common tap steps include the shuffle, shuffle ball change, flap, flap heel, cramproll, buffalo, Maxi Ford, single and double pullbacks, wings, Cincinnati, the shim sham shimmy (also called the Lindy), Irish, Waltz Clog, the paddle and roll, stomp, brushes, scuffs, and single and double toe punches, hot steps, heel clicks, single, double and triple time steps, riffs, over-the-tops, military time step, new yorkers, and chugs. In advanced tap dancing, basic steps are often combined together to create new steps

REFERENCES:
^ Tap Roots: The Early History of Tap Dancing by Mark Knowles Pub: Mcfarland & Co, Inc, 2002
^ Jeni LeGon, American Tap Dance Foundation Hall of Fame. Accessed December 16, 2007.
^ Prince Spencer, Chicago Human Rhythm Project 2007. Accessed December 16, 2007.
^ Sarah Kaufman, Tapping a Gold Mine of Motion, Washington Post, December 17, 2006. Accessed December 16, 2007.
^ Home page, Jay Fagan. Accessed December 16, 2007.
^ Dance: The rhythm of truth, March 21, 2007. Accessed December 16, 2007.

INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCES

As you know iam not a classical dancer so i dont know anything about indiand classic dance but one of my good friend Mr.DEEPAK BHARDHWAJ help me to make this blog where he told me about all the indian classical dance style

INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE: is a relatively new umbrella term for various codified art forms rooted in Natya, the sacred Hindu musical theatre styles, whose theory can be traced back to the Natya Shastra of Bharata Muni (400 BC). These are:
Dances performed inside the sanctum of the temple according to the rituals were called Agama Nartanam. Natya Shastra classifies this type of dance form as margi, or the soul-liberating dance, unlike the desi (purely entertaining) forms.
Dances performed in royal courts to the accompaniment of classical music were called Carnatakam. This was an intellectual art form.
Darbari Aattam form of dance appealed more to the commoners and it educated them about their religion, culture and social life. These dances were performed outside the temple precincts in the courtyards. Both Carnatakam and Darbari Aattam in particular were predominantly desi forms.
Indian dancer
For lack of any better equivalents in the European culture, the British colonial authorities called any performing art forms found in India as "Indian dance". Even though the art of Natya includes nritta, or dance proper, Natya has never been limited to dancing and includes singing, abhinaya (mime acting). These features are common to all the Indian classical styles. In the margi form Nritta is composed of karanas, while the desi nritta consists mainly of adavus.
The term "classical" (Sanscr. "Shastriya") was introduced by Sangeet Natak Akademi to denote the Natya Shastra-based performing art styles. A very important feature of Indian classical dances is the use of the mudra or hand gestures by the artists as a short-hand sign language to narrate a story and to demonstrate certain concepts such as objects, weather, nature and emotion.
Sangeet Natak Akademi currently confers classical status on eight Indian dance styles 1 BHARATNATYAM IS A TAMIL CLASSICAL DANCE

2 ODISSI IS ORISSA DANCE STYLE

3 KUCHIPUDI IS A TELGU CLASSIC DANCE

4 MANIPURI ITS A MANIPUR DANCE STYLE

5 MOHINIAATTAM IS A KERLA DANCE STYLE

6 SATTRIYA IS A ASAMESE IS CLASSICAL DANCE

7 KATHAKALI IS A MALYALAM CLASSIC DANCE

8 KATHAK IS NORTH INDIA DANCE STYLE

Out of the 8 styles, the only 2 temple dance styles that have their origin in Natya Shastra and are prescribed by the Agamas are Bharatanatyam and Odissi. These two most faithfully adhere to the Natya Shastra but currently do not include Vaachikaabhinaya (dialog acts), although some styles of Bharatanatyam, such as Melattur style, prescribe the lip movements indicating Vaachikaabhinaya.
Kuchipudi, which also prescribes the lip movements indicating Vaachikaabhinaya, and Mohiniaattam are relatively recent Darbari Aatam forms, just as Kathakali, and two eastern Indian styles, Manipuri and Sattriya, that are quite similar.
Kathak was created in the Mughal period under the influence of Persian dance and various other folk dance forms. As it does not adhere to any shastra and cannot be called Shastriya (classical).
Currently, Sangeet Natak Akademi does not consider the recently reconstructed dance styles of Andhra Pradesh such as Andhra Natyam and Vilasini Natyam as "classical". Bharatanrithyam, despite being the one most closely following Natya Shastra's precepts, is considered as a variety of Bharatanatyam.

Classical Indian dance in the British Raj and since 1947

The British Raj in India was a time of cultural hardship where these traditional dances were viewed by the British rulers as debauched and of doubtful morality. Furthermore, they were all labelled broadly as 'Indian dance' with no regard to the specifics of style. Later, linking dance with tawaifs and devadasis (both groups whom the government considered to be prostitutes), British rule prohibited public performance of dance. In 1947, India achieved independence. The classical forms and regional distinctions of dance were re-discovered, ethnic specialities were honoured.

LATINO DANCE STYLE

SAMBA: Samba is a lively, rhythmical dance of Brazilian origin in 2/4 time danced under the Samba music. However, there are three steps to every bar, making the Samba feel like a 3/4 timed dance. You may recognise the Samba from the Carnival Parties and Samba Schools in Brazil. Samba is a dance that excites and entrances the dancers and audience alike. In order to achieve the real character of the Samba, the dancer has to try for a flirting, exaggeratedly happy interpretation. Many figures now danced in the Samba are done by means of hip movements. This action is difficult to achieve, but without it, the dance loses its effect. At Rio Dance Studio, getting started is only a phone call away. RAMBA: A passionate story of love and tension between man and woman. This dance is also a position dance, so not a lot of movement on the floor. The 4th beat is the most important. For the woman the attractive hip movement is the most important, while for the man the whole body is used to impress the woman. The rumba is all about impressing and seducing from the opposite sex. On a slow beat the woman tries to impress and challenge the man, to finally reject him. All this while the man tries to impress the woman and lets her know he's interested. The rumba is an erotic passionate dance where the actions of the body are the most important in executing this dance. This dance requires well timed and dynamic actions. Especially the women steals the show in this dance, while the man is only there to establish more attention on the woman. At Rio Dance Studio, getting started is only a phone call away. CHA CHA: A lively dance with quick moves. This dance is a position dance, this means there is not a lot of movement on the floor. During the dance its first beat is the most important. No serious thoughts during the cha cha cha, just fun, pleasure and most of all the naughty character of the dance must be visible on the floor. Just follow the music and your heart. At Rio Dance Studio, getting started is only a phone call away

JIVE: This Swinging dance is a mixture of Rock&Roll, Boogie Woogie, African/American Swing and the Jitterbug. As you can understand the important point is the speed and expression. The Jive is also a position dance, this means not a lot movement on the floor but lots of action. The jive is a dance where you dance together but also alone. The couple doesn't need to stay in contact with each other all the time.

MAMBO: Remembered for its demonstration in the smash hit movie, Dirty Dancing, the Mambo is one of the more difficult dances to master because it does not start on the first beat of the music, but rather on the second. New dancers often make the mistake of moving to soon. Once the rhythm is understood, the footwork of the simplest mambo is not difficult to master, a simple quick-quick-slow. At Rio Dance Studio, getting started is only a phone call away.

MERENGUE: Known since the beginning of the 19th Century, the Merengue is the national dance of the Dominican Republic. The Merengue hit its peak in the mid 1950's in America, where popular culture adopted any Latin style that could feed their desire for exotic dancing. At Rio Dance Studio, getting started is only a phone call away.
TANGO:Originally the Tango was (and still is) a light spirited Flamenco dance from Spain.The intensity and drama of the Tango comes from the predatory, cat like movement when walking. The Tango is a dance of both domination and seduction, the secret of which lies in the posture and hold. At Rio Dance Studio, getting started is only a phone call away.

AEROBICS

AEROBICS: is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness). It is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a group setting led by an instructor, although it can be done solo and without musical accompaniment. With the goal of preventing illness and promoting physical fitness, practitioners perform various routines comprising a number of different dance-like exercises. Formal aerobics classes are divided into different levels of intensity and complexity. Aerobics classes may allow participants to select their level of participation according to their fitness level. Many gyms offer a wide variety of aerobic classes for participants to take. Each class is designed for a certain level of experience and taught by a certified instructor with a specialty area related to their particular class HISTORY:Both the term and the specific exercise method were developed by Dr. Kenneth Cooper, M.D., an exercise physiologist, and Col. Pauline Potts, a physical therapist, both of the United States Air Force. Dr. Cooper, an avowed exercise enthusiast, was personally and professionally puzzled about why some people with excellent muscular strength were still prone to poor performance at tasks such as long-distance running, swimming, and bicycling. He began measuring systematic human performance using a bicycle ergometer, and began measuring sustained performance in terms of a person's ability to use oxygen. His groundbreaking book, Aerobics, was published in 1968, and included scientific exercise programs using running, walking, swimming and bicycling. The book came at a fortuitous historical moment, when increasing weakness and inactivity in the general population was causing a perceived need for increased exercise. It became a bestseller. Cooper's data provided the scientific baseline for almost all modern aerobics programs, most of which are based on oxygen-consumption equivalency

AEROBICS GYMNASTICS:Aerobic gymnastics, also known as sport aerobics and competitive aerobics, is a type of competitive aerobics involving complicated choreography, rhythmic and acrobatic gymnastics with elements of aerobics.[2] Performance is divided into categories by age, sex and groups (individual, mixed pairs and trios) and are judged on the following elements: dynamic and static strength, jumps and leaps, kicks, balance and flexibility. Ten exercises are mandatory: four consecutive high leg kicks, patterns. A maximum of ten elements from following families are allowed: push-ups, supports and balances, kicks and splits, jumps and leaps. Elements of tumbling such as handsprings, handstands, back flips, and aerial somersaults are prohibited. Scoring is by judging of artistic quality, creativity, execution, and difficulty of routines. Sport aerobics has state, national, and international competitions, but is not an Olympic sport

SEE ALSO:
Freestyle aerobics
Step aerobics
Sport aerobics
Water aerobics
Yoga postures

[edit] References
^ Cooper, Kenneth H. Aerobics. Bantam Publishing, 1968.
^ "The Aerobic Gymnastics". FIG - Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/cache/compo/12588-6249-99999999999999999999999999999999999.html. Retrieved 2008-07-04.

[edit] External links
Code of Points of Sport Aerobics, FIG
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobics"
Categories: Aerobic exercise Exercise physiology

MOONWALK

MOONWALK: The moonwalk or backslide is a dance technique that presents the illusion of the dancer being pulled backwards while attempting to walk forward.[1] A breakdancing move, it became popular around the world after Michael Jackson executed it during a performance of "Billie Jean" on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25, 1983. It subsequently became his signature move, and is now one of the best-known dance techniques in the world

HISTORY:There are many recorded instances of the moonwalk, originally known as the backslide or "walking on your toes", being used before Michael Jackson used it. Similar steps are reported as far back as 1932, used by Cab "Minnie the Moocher" Calloway.[4] It was first recorded in 1955 in a performance by tap dancer Bill Bailey.[5] The French mime artist, Marcel Marceau, used it throughout his career (from the 1940s through the 1980s), as part of the drama of his mime routines. Marceau's famous "Walking Against the Wind" routine was the original influence that Jackson drew from, in which Marceau pretends to be pushed backwards by a gust of wind.[6]
James Brown used the move,[7] for instance in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. David Bowie was probably the first rock musician to perform it, though he remained stationary.[8] An embryonic version of the move appears in Bowie's 1960s mime pieces; he had studied mime under Étienne Decroux, Marcel Marceau's teacher,[9] and under Lindsay Kemp, who had trained with Marceau. By the time of his 1974 Diamond Dogs Tour, Michael Jackson was among those attending Bowie's Los Angeles shows, later remarking on Bowie's strange moves.[10] Another early moonwalker was Jeffrey Daniel, who moonwalked in a performance of Shalamar's "A Night To Remember" on Top of the Pops in 1982.[11] Also in 1982, Debbie Allen performs a moonwalk during a scene with Gwen Verdon in Season 1, Episode 10 (Come One, Come All) of the 1982 TV series Fame.[12]
In the movie Flashdance, released in 1983, the move was used in the breakdance scene, where a street performer, with an umbrella prop, mimed the wind blowing him backward as he first walks forward, fighting the wind, then starts moonwalking backwards

MICHAEL JACKSON:The dance was brought to widespread public attention in 1983, when Michael Jackson performed it during a television special, Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25 that year. Dressed in his signature black pants, silver socks, silver shirt, black-sequinned jacket, single sequinned glove, and black fedora, Jackson spun around, posed, and started moonwalking. Ian Inglis writes that Jackson encapsulated a long tradition of African-American dance movements in that one performance. The audience gasped when they saw the move. Nelson George said that Jackson's rendition "combined Jackie Wilson's athleticism with James Brown's camel walk."

VARIATIONS:The step has two distinct types. One is called the turn walk. This is usually performed very quickly giving the impression that the dancer is walking quickly in a circle. The other circular moonwalk type is known as the 360 or Four-Corner Moonwalk and is often done much more slowly in a floating style. This involves sliding a heel back (usually the left heel), pivoting both heels to change direction, and then pivoting the non-sliding heel 45 degrees. Other moonwalk variants include the "sidewalk" or "side glide", in which the dancer appears to glide sideways, and the "spotwalk", in which the dancer appears to moonwalk in place

IN NATURE: The Red-capped Manakin of Central America performs a mating dance similar to that of backsliding. During the male's performance, he shuffles his feet rapidly backwards or sideways.[14
IN TELEVISON:
David Henrie, who plays Justin Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place, performed the moonwalk in the episode "Maximan" in the "The Big Synchronized Robot Event" scene. He moonwalked while dancing with the robot.[15]
Henrie also moonwalked in another episode of Wizards titled "Fashion Week", after Alex purposely spilled food on his shirt. He retaliated by hugging her, ruining the dress she was wearing. He then says "Turn the music down", and then moonwalks very shortly.[16]
In Spongebob Squarepants, SpongeBob SquarePants performed the moonwalk in the episode "I Heart Dancing", on a treadmill, because Squidward was trying to sabotage his dance audition by making him too tired and made him moonwalk on a treadmill while he read an entire book. Surprisingly, he wasn't tired when Squidward finished and the treadmill exploded.[17]
Michael "Boogalo Shrimp" Chambers, who plays Urkel-bot in Family Matters, also performed the moonwalk in the episode "Robo-Nerd", during the scene where Laura was trying to escape from Urkel-bot.[18]
There are also performances of the move in such popular media, such as Leslie Nielsen in The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! and Stewie Griffin in an episode of Family Guy.
In Happy Tree Friends, Disco Bear performed it in "Ipso Fatso" while going to the sink in the bathroom early in the episode

POPPING

Dance-pop is a style of electronic dance music and a subgenre of pop music that evolved from post-disco era, circa 1981, that combines dance beats with a pop and/or R&B song structure. Because there is such an emphasis on fully-formed songs in dance-pop, it is often viewed as a separate classification unto itself apart from pure dance music.[2] Dance-pop is also closely related to the teen pop and Eurodance movements in the mid-80s and late 1990s, the rise of boy bands and girl groups, and the reintroduction of the vocoder and similar such innovations.
Like its disco forebear, dance-pop is often viewed by musical historians as a producer's medium, as a great many musicians and songwriting teams arose from the genre. Musicians like André Cymone and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis (all of whom had been musically connected with Prince) and Patrick Leonard (who'd been a member of the band Trillion), as well as DJs like Jellybean Benitez[3] and Shep Pettibone,[4] became stars in their own right due to the sleek productions they lavished on artists like Madonna, Jody Watley[5] and Janet Jackson. Another dance-pop production team of note is Stock Aitken and Waterman, who sculpted polished production for the likes of Kylie Minogue, Rick Astley and Bananarama. Indeed, Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards, (both of whom had been stars in the disco era as part of the group Chic), were able to flourish as producers of material for newer artists in Dance-pop's rise

ARTST:
Beyoncé
Kylie Minogue[2]
Lady Gaga[2]
Paula Abdul[2]
Mariah Carey[2]
Britney Spears
Cher
Duran Duran[2]
Whitney Houston[2]
The Human League[2]
Dannii Minogue[2]
Thalía[2]
Janet Jackson[2]
Michael Jackson[2]
Madonna[2]
George Michael[2]
Justin Timberlake
Pet Shop Boys[2]
Prince[2]
Spice Girls[2]
TLC[2]
ABC[2]
Ace of Base[2]
All Saints[2]
Backstreet Boys[2]
Bananarama[2]
NSYNC[2]
Rihanna[2]
Billy Ocean[2]
Stacey Q[6]
Nu Shooz[6]
Gloria Estefan[7]
Hilary Duff[8]
Tina Cousins
Fans of Jimmy Century
Taylor Dayne

SEE ALSO

Post-disco
Disco / Euro Disco
Eurodance
Freestyle
House music
Synthpop
Teen pop

REFERENCES:
Smay, David & Cooper, Kim (2001). Bubblegum Music Is the Naked Truth: The Dark History of Prepubescent Pop, from the Banana Splits to Britney Spears: "... think about Stock-Aitken-Waterman and Kylie Minogue. Dance pop, that's what they call it now — Post-Disco, post-new wave and incorporating elements of both." Feral House: Publisher, p. 327. ISBN 0922915695.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z allmusic
^ BBC Manchester - Clubbing - Jellybean Benitez
^ Shep Pettibone
^ http://www.soulmusic.com/ExpressYourself/ExpressYourselfJodyWatley.html
^ a b http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=77:8~3~T1A
^ http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=77:8~T1
^ http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20182866,00.html

LOCKING

LOCKIN AND POPPIN ARE TWO REALLY DIFFRENT THING

LOCKING DANCE STYLE : Locking (originally Campbellocking) is a style of funk dance and street dance, which is today also associated with hip hop. It relies on fast and distinct arm and hand movements combined with more relaxed hips and legs. The movements are generally large and exaggerated, and often very rhythmic and tightly synced with the music. Locking is quite performance oriented, often interacting with the audience by smiling or giving them a high five, and some moves are quite comical in nature.
Locking was originally danced to traditional funk, such as James Brown. Funk music is still commonly favored by locking dancers, and used by many competitions such as the locking division of Juste Debout.
The name is based on the concept of locking movements, which basically means freezing from a fast movement and "locking" in a certain position, holding that position for a short while and then continuing in the same speed as before. These movements create a strong contrast towards the many fast moves that are otherwise performed quite continuously, combined with mime style performance and acting towards the audience and other dancers. Locking includes quite a lot of acrobatics and physically demanding moves, such as landing on ones knees and the split. These moves often require knee protection of some sort.
A locker is a locking dancer. Lockers commonly use a distinctive dress style, such as colorful clothing with stripes and suspenders.

HISTORY : The beginning of Locking can be traced to one man, Don Campbell. In the late 1960s he put together several fad dances adding moves of his own (notably the "Lock") when performing. The original lock was created by accident: Don Campbell couldn't do a move called the 'Robot Shuffle' and stopped at a particular point. He wasn't able to perform it fluently, for he couldn't remember which step to take next. (Even the acting towards the audience was spontaneous: when people started laughing at Don because of his unfamiliar moves, he responded by pointing at them.) These halts soon became popular as Don added them into his performances. The resulting dance was called Campbellocking, which was later shortened to Locking. In the early 1970s this set off a movement of Locking dance groups, notably Campbell's group The Lockers. Another locker called Greggery 'Campbell Jr.' Pope and others set the foundation for locking dance and clothes style.
Clothes style can consist of loud striped socks, pegged pants that stopped at the knees, bright colorful satin shirts with big collars, big colorful bow ties, gigantic Apple Boy hats, and white gloves.
Later locking became part of the growing hip hop dance culture[citation needed] , and has influenced styles such as popping, breakdancing[citation needed] and liquiding[citation needed]. Locking is still quite popular and many current artists such as Beyoncé Knowles, BoA, Show Luo feature dance moves derived from Locking steps in their music videos[citation needed].
MOVES:

Locking may be done in solo or in unison with two or more dancers doing steps or handshakes together. A locker may smile while performing to emphasize the comical nature of the dance; other times, a serious demeanor will be maintained to place emphasis on technique. Other important stylistic features are waving of arms, pointing, walking stationary and grabbing and rotating the cap or hat. Don Campbell created the original freezes, incorporating his unique rhythm and adding gestures such as points and handclaps. Other dancers also adapted this style while adding some of the steps and moves listed below:
Alpha, created by Alpha Anderson; The Skeeter Rabbit, created by James "Skeeter Rabbit" Higgins; Stop 'n' Go, created by Greg "Campbellock Jr." Pope; Scooby Doo, created by Jimmy "Scooby Doo" Foster; Whichaway, created by Leo Williamson
Locking is by nature an improvisational dance, but also consists of a set of signature moves of locking pioneers, such as Hilty and Bosch, Jackson 5, GoGo Brothers, Bitterbox Sisters e.t.c. However, many lockers alter or blend these with other moves or create their own variations. In general The Lockers will often put a small pause and move up on the second and fourth beats to emphasize the locking and never use closed fists.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Alpha/alpha jaxs
One leg is kicked forward from a crouching position while the upper body is leaned backwards can be supported by both hands or no hands at all.
Break down/Rocksteady
in the squatting position, shift the pelvis to the side, then back to center and stand up then down and shift to the other side.
Jazz split
A semi-split done with one leg bent, which enables the dancer to get up again in one swift movement.
Whichaway
Altering twirl kicks to the sides first with either right and left legs, upper body stationary with arms in front.
Iron Horse
Slightly varied from whichaway, with only alternating kicks to the sides like a pendulum.
Kick
A high, quick kick of one leg while standing on the other.
Knee Drop
Drop to the knees with knees pointing inwards (into a W shape leg position).
Leo Walk
A funky two step where the first is an exaggerated step in a particular direction, followed by sliding of the second foot along the floor to meet the first.
Lock/Double Lock
Bending slightly forward with arms forming a circle downward, as if lifting a heavy object.
Up Lock (Muscleman)
Bending arms upwards, like the look of a strong man, and holding for a few seconds.
Pacing
A quick punch to the side then down, with hand starting just below the shoulder. (Fist should still be open.)
Pimp Walk
You kick then put your feet in a shoulder width V shape, but hands stay beside the dancer.
Stop and Go
Starting with a muscle man lock, step back with one foot and punch, do a quarter turn in the direction of the back foot breakdown once, and then return reach-around to the same position.
Stomp the cockroach
Going down on one knee, with the other leg pointing out to the side, then pounding the floor.
Scooby doo
Doing a muscle man lock then doing two separate kicks while pacing with one hand in time with the kicks
Scooby walk
Walking forward, lifting leg up and bending your back towards the knee
Scoobot
One arm and leg out then switching to the other leg. Leg out and arms crossed then wrist twirl andclap behind
Scuba hop
Slightly varied from scoobot with legs hopping towards the sides then the front.
Sitting on a W
Jumping down onto your knees with both feet out either side of you. Left Foot-Left knee-groin-right knee-Right foot = M shape Hence sitting on a W.
The Skeeter Rabbit/Skeeter Rabbit Around the World
a kick and shuffle hop move, either at the sides and/or front and back.
Funky Guitar
Hands positioned as if holding a guitar, and start walking backwards.
Funky Chicken
Similar to a rocksteady, you move your feets side to side, swaying like a chicken. This move is usually used to dis another dancer in a cipher/dance battle.
Funky Broadway
Closed and open thighs as you lock one side to another.
Point/Uncle Sam Points
A quick, extended pointing gesture coming from opposite shoulder, usually held for a few seconds for emphasis.
Wrist roll
Twirling wrists while moving arms up
The Seek
Doing a breakdown whilst rolling your arms in front of you and then lifting a hand up over your eyes as if you are looking/seeking for something
Hitch Hike
Arms up and then crossed in front of you, and then three hitchhiker thumbs up to the right and then the left.
Washboard
Hands move as if you are cleaning the windows using the cloth, and pushing your chest outwards as you move.
Cartwheels/Somersaults/Flips
Soul Train

JAZZ

I AM NOT A JAZZ DANCER BUT I WILL TRY TO XPLAIN YOU WHAT IS JAZZ

Jazz dance is an umbrella term that can refer to several related dance styles. All of them are connected via common roots, namely tap, ballet, jazz music, and African-American rhythms and dance.

HISTORY: Jazz dance originated from the African American vernacular dance of the late 1800s to the mid-1900s.
Until the mid 1950s, the term "jazz dance" often referred to tap dance, because tap dancing (set to jazz music) was the main performance dance of the era. During the later jazz age, popular forms of jazz dance were the Cakewalk, Black Bottom (dance), Charleston, Jitterbug, Boogie Woogie, Swing dancing and the related Lindy Hop.
After the 1950s, pioneers such as Katherine Dunham took the essence of Caribbean traditional dance and made it into a performing art. With the growing domination of other forms of entertainment music, jazz dance evolved on Broadway into the new, smooth style that is taught today and known as Modern Jazz, while tap dance branched off to follow its own, separate evolutionary path. The performance style of jazz dance was popularized to a large extent by Bob Fosse’s work, which is exemplified by Broadway shows such as Chicago, Cabaret, Damn Yankees, and The Pajama Game.
Today, jazz dance is present in many different forms and venues. Jazz dance is commonly taught in dance schools and performed by dance companies around the world. It continues to be an essential element of musical theatre choreography, where it may be interwoven with other dance styles as appropriate for a particular show. Jazz dancing can be seen in music videos, in competitive dance, and on the television show, So You Think You Can Dance.

TECNIQUE:Technique is the foundation for all dance movement. A strong technical foundation which enables a dancer to focus on the stylistic and performance aspects of dance. Technique is essential for leaps and turns, where correct posture is essential to properly execute such moves. Also, jazz dancers' strong and sharp movements are greatly aided by a good background in ballet technique. However, while ballet movement emphasizes the upbeat of music, jazz dance emphasizes the downbeat.
Center control is important in jazz technique. The body's center is the focal point from which all movement emanates, thus making it possible to maintain balance while executing powerful movements.
Spotting is important as a turning technique as well. This technique enables a dancer to execute Pirouettes and fouetté's without becoming dizzy.
Jazz classes require some form of moderate intensity stretching in order to warm up the muscles and help prevent injuries. Some techniques used in the warm up consist of elongating leg muscles and strengthening the core.
Most jazz dancers wear leather jazz shoes, coloured either black or beige, to help them move smoothly when executing turns (e.g. pirouette)

COMMON DANCE AND MOVES: Although jazz dance can be performed its traditional form, it is often influenced by other dance styles such as acro, ballet, contemporary, lyrical, and hip hop. In turn, many other dance styles are influenced by jazz dance. Common jazz dance moves include:

Ball change
Jeté
Split Leap
Switch Leap/Swish Split
Stag Leap
Pas de bourrée
Piqué passé
Pirouette
Pivot step
Renversé
Toe Rise
Touch step
Chancé
Chaîné Turns
Posé Turns
Step-ball Change
Rush-ins
Turning Pas de bourrée
Step-Tuck Chassé
Jazz Runs
Step Ball Change
Centre Split Leap
Lame Duck Turn
Illusion Kick
Authentic Jazz Moves (almost all of them are 8-count and start on 8):
Suzie Q (dance move)
Shim Sham
Shim Sham Break
Basic Charleston
Charleston Break
Savoy Kick
Fall Off The Log
Boogie Back
Boogie Forward
Boogie Drop
Shorty George
Fish Tail
Tick Tock
Tack Annies
Half Break
Mess Around
Camel Walk
Rusty Dusty
Scarecrow
Broken legs
Box Step
Apple Jack
Gaze Afar
Horse (kick-ball-change - step - skip - step - kick-ball-change - down (gaze afar))
Rocking
Hesitation
Jumpin' Charleston
Squat Charleston
Skating
Truckin'
Spank A Baby
Peckin'
Around The World Charleston
Crazy Legs
Lock-turn
Rubber Legs
Kick Around (downhold on 8)
Knee Slap
Shine Your Shoes
Siska-boom-bah (roundkick - triplestep)
Single - Single - Double Kick
Tabby The Cat
Flyin' Charleston (high-kick - slide - back-step - kick-step)
Corkscrew
Flea Hop (Slip Slop)
Bees' Knees
Shouts

NOTABLE DIRECTORS DANCERS AND CHOREOGRAPHERS

Katherine Dunham, considered the grandmaster of jazz dance technique. She was a key inspiration to most modern jazz dance legends.
Jack Cole, considered the father of jazz dance technique. He was a key inspiration to Matt Mattox, Bob Fosse, Jerome Robbins, Gwen Verdon, and many other choreographers.
Eugene Louis Facciuto (aka "Luigi"), an accomplished dancer who, after suffering a crippling automobile accident in the 1950s, created a new style of jazz dance based on the warm-up exercises he invented to circumvent his physical handicaps.
Bob Fosse, a noted jazz choreographer who created a new form of jazz dance that was inspired by Fred Astaire and the burlesque and vaudeville styles.
Gus Giordano, an influential jazz dancer and choreographer.
Jerome Robbins, choreographer for a number of hit musicals, including Peter Pan, The King and I, Fiddler on the Roof, Gypsy, Funny Girl, and West Side Story.
Gwen Verdon, known for her roles in Damn Yankees, Chicago, and Sweet Charity